This book consists of the following articles: Opening address: maximizing impacts for natural resource management research: overcoming methodological changes (Dar, W.D.); introduction and objectives of the workshop (Shiferaw, B.); why impact assessment of NRM technologies presents methodological difficulties (Freeman, H.A.; Shiferaw, B.); biophysical indicators for assessing the impact of watershed-based technologies (Pathak, P.; Wani, S.P.; Ramakrishna, A.; Sahrawat, K.L.); valuation methods and methodological approaches for evaluating the impacts of natural resource management technologies (Shiferaw, B.; Freeman, H.A.); an econometric approach to NRM impact assessment: an example from Uganda (Pender, J.; Nkyonya, E.; Jagger, P.; Sserunkuuma, D.); integrating sustainability indicators into the economic surplus approach for NRM impact assessment (Swinton, S.M.); application bio-economic modeling for NRM impact assessment: static and dynamic models (Holden, S.T.); evaluation watershed project performance in India: integration of econometric and qualitative approaches (Kerr, J.M.); assessing the impact of participatory watershed development: a sustainable rural livelihoods approach (Reddy, V.R.; Soussan, J.): assessing IWMI's research impacts: a framework for action (Giordano, M.); NRM impact assessment in the CGIAR: meeting the challenge and implications for ICRISAT (Kelly, T.; Gregersen, H.); where do we go from here? Issues raised during the final panel discussion session (Pathak, P.)