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Stem rot: Sclerotium oryzae Catt (Deuteromycotina: Mycelia Sterilia) Kannada Name : Kanda Kole Roga It is an important disease particularly in water logged areas. Period of occurrence : Later stages of plant growth Extent of yield loss: 18 to 56% Favorable conditions for the pathogen: Weakened plant due to physiological imbalance Unusual drought or insect attack, particularly stem borer incidence Lodging of the plant High levels of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application.

Sources of inoculum: Sclerotial bodies embedded in the infected stubbles and soil.

Mode of transmission: Irrigation or Flood water.

Symptoms:

• Small, black irregular lesions on the outer leaf sheath near the water line. As disease advances, the discoloration spreads up and down from the water line.
• Drying up of leaves at seedling stage.
• Lodging of the plant due to weakening of the stem base along with yellowing and death.
• Ears with lighter grains

Preventive measures:

• Use of resistant varieties like Govind, Jagannath, Jalmagna, Pankaj, Saharmati.
• Addition of organic manure
• Burn rice stubbles and infected straw.
• Irrigation water should not be directed from an infected to a non-infected field.

Control measures:

Chemical control- Foliar sprays should be taken up after draining the field.

Recommended fungicides

Sl. No.	Chemical name	Trade name	Dosage per l of water		Dosage for spray tank
					10 l			12 l	16 l
Liquid/Spray formulations (EC, SL, WP, WG, WDG, SC)
1.	Iprobenphos 48 EC	Kitazin		2.0 ml		20 ml	24 ml		32 ml
2.	Carbendazim 50 WP	Bavistin, Jkstin, Derosal		1.0 g		10 g	12 g		16 g
3.	Thiophenate-methyl 70 WP	Roko Topsin-m		1.0 g		10 g	12 g		16 g