Description Young nymphs are mobile and spread by wind. Adult females are sedentary and are found in colonies. Ants are attracted to the honey dew and protect the colonies from the natural enemies.

Description 7 mm long gray-brown bugs (Fig.) have thorn-like projections on the thorax. Eggs are laid on the stem. The nymphs exude a honey dew liquid which is often used by ants.

Description Apparently legless white larvae grow to a length of more than 20 mm. A characteristic bulb at the head and thorax region (Fig.). Pupates in the tunnel in the root or stem.

Cercospora Leaf Spot

General Caused by Cercospora cajani. Cool temperature (25°C) and humid weather favour the disease.

Description The adult (Fig.) is a mottled brown beetle. Eggs are laid on the pods or stored seeds. Damage symptoms

Description The adult is a small wasp of 2 mm long. The legless white larva (2 mm long) feeds on the young green seed and inner pod wall (Fig.).

Description The moth has grey forewings with white coastal margin and the hind wings are pearly and translucent (Top Fig.). The young larvae are green but turn red later (Bottom Fig.). They feed inside the pod.

Description Adults have brown plume-like wings (Top Figure). Larvae are green or brown, spindle shaped and covered with short spines (Bottom Bottom Figure). Green oval eggs are laid singly on buds and pods.

Powdery Mildew

General

Description Adults have distinctive white bands on brown forewings. A full grown larva has a pale body lined by rows of conspicuous black spots on its dorsal surface.