Healthy and vigorous seedling establish themselves faster and grow better after transplanting and are important for getting high yield. Good seedling should be short, thick and heavy and free from pests and diseases. The major objective of nursery management should be aimed at obtaining such seedling. There are three methods of raising nurseries. These are dry nursery, wet nursery and dapog nursery.

 

Transplanting is the most common stand establishment technique adopted in wet system of cultivation. Nearly four-fifth of rice grown in the world is transplanted and almost all countries like Spain, Italy, Japan, etc. Where highest yields are recorded adopt only transplanting. Puddling is a pre-requisite for transplanting. Besides the benefits derived from puddling, transplanting in a puddle field offers a number of advantages

 

Rice is attacked by several diseases. They are pathogenic and non pathogenic, occur resulting in extensive damage to grain yield and straw yields.Among the pathogens, fungi alone account for nearly 30 diseases of rice in country.Of these , a few occur in epiphytotic forms in  several parts of India.

Weeds in Rice

Weed flora varies from place to place due to type of rice culture, soil type hydrology, tillage, cultural practices and irrigation pattern etc.

The grain is mature and fully developed, when it is hard and free fro m green tint, the panicle at this stage bends in the shape of an arc. In some varieties the stem and the upper leaves may still remain green.

 

 

Tillers are continuously produced depending upon  the tillering ability of a variety; hybrids produce faster and much more tillers. By the 30/35^th DAS secondary tillers start coming up from the primary tillers (Fig, 2.4) By this time plant also grows taller. Tertiary tillers follow the secondary tillers and they come out from the secondary tillers

 

As the ripening advances the milky liquid in grain becomes thicker and finally attains dough stage.

As the name indicates the spike lets if opened at this stage show the grain in a white thick liquid condition. The panicle at this stage starts drooping.