Wheat is crop of cool environment. However, it requires different temperatures at different stages of plant growth and development. Temperature requirement may slightly differ from one variety to another at the time of germination, however, general minimum  temperature  is required from 3.5-5.5⁰ c and  optimum 20-25⁰ and maximum temperature is 35⁰ . On temperature below or above to optimum, germination of seed decreases slowly.

Loam soil is the best for wheat cultivation. Clay and sandy loam soils can also used for wheat cultivation provided there is proper system of drainage and these soils should not either be acidic or sodic. Besides wheat field should be free from weeds. 

Wheat has caryopsis type of fruit. The typical wheat kernel is from 3-10 mm length and from 3-5 mm in diameter.  The composition of a wheat kernel is:

Leaf consists of four parts:

Wheat stem generally possesses height from 60-70cm (in case of three gene dwarf verities) to 125cm (tall varieties). The stem of wheat plant is round or cylindrical. In most varieties of the bred wheat the stems are hollow, accept at the nodes where they are solid but in a few varieties of durum wheats the internodes are completely filled with the soft pith. There are 5 - 7 nodes on the stem. Stem is solid on nodes and hollow in between the internodes. Maximum portion of wheat is covered with leaf sheath. Stem is often glabrous or some times it is hairy.

Wheat is consumed as bread, biscuits (cookies), pastry, noodles, semolina, snack foods etc. in other countries. In India around 70 per cent wheat is consumed in the form chapati and  the  rest 30 per cent is used for  making bread, Bread, biscuits, pastry, sweet dishes etc.  Wheat grains are rich in gluten protein.

Wheat was already an important crop when history was first recorded and so accurate information on the exact time and place of its origin is not available. The distribution of the wild wheats and grasses, believed to be the progenitors of the cultivated wheats, supports the belief that wheat originated in southeastern Asia.